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| Guy Of Gisbourne |
Guy of GisbourneSir Guy of Gisburne (also spelled Gisbourne, Gysborne or Gisborn) is a villain in the Robin Hood legends. In The Ballad of Robin Hood and Guy of Gisborne, in which Robin kills him and cuts off his head, he is described so:
:There were they ware of a wight yemàn, [wight = sturdy]
: His body lean’d to a tree.
:A sword and a dagger he wore by his side,
: Of manye a man the bane;
:And he was clad in his capull-hyde [capull-hyde = horse-hide]
: Topp and tayll and mayne
: [...]
:‘I dwell by dale and downe,’ quoth hee,
: ‘And Robin to take I’me sworne;
:And when I am callèd by my right name
: I am Guy of good Gisborne.’
The role of Guy of Gisburne has been played by such actors as Basil Rathbone (The Adventures of Robin Hood, 1938), Tom Baker (The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood, 1984), Robert Addie (in the British television series Robin of Sherwood, 1984-6) and Michael Wincott (in the movie Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves). In the British television series Maid Marian and her Merry Men he was portrayed as an overgrown spoilt child by Ramsay Gilderdale.
External links
- [http://www.bartleby.com/243/116.html Text of The Ballad of Robin Hood and Guy of Gisbourne]
Category:Fictional knights
Robin Hood
Robin Hood is the archetypal English folk hero, an outlaw who, in modern versions of the legend, stole from the rich to give to the poor. Although most noted for his material egalitarianism, in the stories he also pursues other types of equality and justice. However, as mentioned below, Robin Hood was not quite so generous in the original medieval legends. In the end, since most events in the various Robin Hood stories are fictional, arguments over the "real" or "true" Robin Hood are unlikely to reach any conclusion. Even if Robin Hood or a similar person did indeed exist, finding concrete evidence about his life is highly improbable.
The Robin Hood legend
The stories relating to Robin Hood are apocryphal, verging on the mythological. The modern image widely held today contrasts in many ways with the medieval legend. The modern Robin Hood was created by 16th and 17th century dramatists and writers, while the medieval Robin Hood was probably the creation of wandering minstrels, and is a more elusive figure.
His first appearance in a manuscript is in William Langland's Piers Plowman (1377) in which Sloth, the lazy priest, boasts "I ken [know] 'rimes of Robin Hood." The next notice is in Wyntown's Scottish Chronicle, written about 1420, where the following lines occur — without any connection, and in the form of an entry — under the year 1283:
:Lytil Jhon and Robyne Hude Wayth-men ware commendyd gude: In Yngil-wode and Barnysdale Thai oysyd all this tyme thare trawale.
In 1439, a petition was presented to Parliament against one Piers Venables of Aston, in Derbyshire, "who having no liflode, ne sufficeante of goodes, gadered and assembled unto him many misdoers, beynge of his clothynge, and, in manere of insurrection, wente into the wodes in that countrie, like as it hadde be Robyn Hude and his meyne."—Rot. Parl. v. 16. This is the first portrayal of Robin Hood as an antihero, which would stick with him to the 17th century, when Guy Fawkes and his associates were described as "Robin Hoods" by Robert Cecil.
The first historical mention of Robin Hood is in a passage of the "Scotichronicon", written partly by John Fordun between 1377 and 1384, and partly by his pupil Walter Bower, in about 1450, who largely interpolated the work of his master. Among his interpolations is a passage translated as follows. It is inserted immediately after Fordun's account of the defeat of Simon de Montfort and the punishments inflicted on his adherents:
:At this time, [sc. 1266,] from the number of those who had been deprived of their estates arose the celebrated bandit Robert Hood, (with Little John and their accomplices,) whose achievements the foolish vulgar delight to celebrate in comedies and tragedies, while the ballads upon his adventures sung by the jesters and minstrels are preferred to all others.
According to The Annotated Edition of the English Poets - Early ballads (London, 1856, p.70):
:His death is stated by Ritson to have taken place on the 18th of November, 1247, about the eighty-seventh year of his age; but according to the following inscription found among the papers of the Dean of York, and quoted from the Appendix to Thoresby's Ducatus Leodiensis, by Mr. Gutch... the death occurred a month later. In this inscription, which bears evidence of high antiquity, Robin Hood is described as Earl of Huntington—his claim to which title has been as hotly contested as any disputed peerage upon record.
::Hear undernead dis laitl stean
::Lais Robert Earl of Huntingtun
::Near arcir der as hie sa geud
::An pipl kauld im Robin Heud
::Sic utlaws as hi an is men
::Vil England nivr si agen.
:::Obiit 24 Kal Dekembris 1247
This inscription also appears on a grave in the grounds of Kirklees Priory near Kirklees Hall (ironically in Calderdale) and close to Brighouse, West Yorkshire. Not surprisingly this is regarded as Robin Hood's grave (see below). The language of this inscription is questionable, though: it has the semblance of faked antiquity, and is easily readable as phonetic modern English.
Printed versions of Robin Hood ballads appear in the early 16th century, shortly after the advent of printing in England. In these ballads, Robin Hood is a yeoman which, by that time, meant an independent tradesman or farmer. It is only in the late 16th century that he becomes a nobleman, the Earl of Huntington, Robert of Locksley, or later still, Robert Fitz Ooth.
His romantic attachment to Maid Marian (or "Marion") (originally known as Mathilda) is also a product of this later period and probably has something to do with the French pastoral play of about 1280, the Jeu de Robin et Marion. Aside from the names, there is no recognizable Robin Hood connection to the play.
The late 16th century is also the period when the Robin Hood story is moved back in time to the 1190s, when King Richard was absent from his throne, fighting in the crusades. (See Mair, Historia Majoris Britanniae). One of the original Robin Hood ballads refers to King Edward (Edward I, II, and III ruled England from 1272 to 1377). The idea of Robin Hood as a high-minded Saxon fighting Norman Lords originates in the 19th century, (see e.g. Thierry, Histoire de la Conquête de l'Angleterre par les Normands, livr. xi) most notably in the part Robin Hood plays in Sir Walter Scott's Ivanhoe (1819), chapters 40 - 41, where the familiar modern Robin Hood — "King of Outlaws and prince of good fellows!" as Richard the Lionheart calls him — makes his debut.
The folkloric Robin Hood was deprived of his lands by the villainous Sheriff of Nottingham and became an outlaw. The Sheriff does indeed appear in the early ballads (Robin kills and beheads him), but there is nothing as specific as this allegation. Robin's other enemies include the rich abbots of the Catholic Church and a bounty hunter named Guy of Gisbourne, whom Robin kills and beheads as well. The early ballads contain nothing about giving to the poor, although Robin does make a large loan to an unfortunate knight.
In the ballads, the original "Merry Men" (though not called that) included: Friar Tuck, Will Scarlet (or Scathlock), Much the Miller's Son, and Little John — who was called "little" as a joke, as he was quite the opposite. The minstrel Alan-a-Dale, who narrates Robin's adventures in song, is a later invention in Robin Hood plays.
Possible locations
In modern versions of the legend, Robin Hood is said to have taken up residence in the verdant Sherwood Forest in the county of Nottinghamshire. This is a matter of some considerable contention. The original ballads speak of his being in Barnsdale (the area between Pontefract and Doncaster), some fifty miles north of Sherwood in the county of Yorkshire. This is reinforced for some by the similarity of Locksley to the area of Loxley in Sheffield, where in nearby Tideswell, which was the “Kings Larder” in the Royal Forest of the Peak, a record of Robert de Lockesly in court is found, perhaps in his retirement years in 1245. Although it cannot be proved this is the man himself, it is believed he had a brother called Thomas, which gives credence to the following reference:
“(24) No. 389, f0- 78. Ascension Day, 29 H. III., Nic Meverill, with John Kantia, on the one part, and Henry de Leke. Henry released to Nicolas and John 5 m. rent, which he received from Nicolas and John and Robert de Lockesly for his life from the lands of Gellery, in consideration of receiving from each of them 2 M. only, the said Henry to live at table with one of them and to receive 2 m. annually from the other. T., Sampson de Leke, Magister Peter Meverill, Roger de Lockesly, John de Leke, Robert fil Umfred, Rico de Newland, Richard Meverill. (25) No. 402, p. 80 b. Thomas de Lockesly bound himself that lie would not sell his lands at Leke, which Nicolas Meveril had rendered to him, under a penalty of L40. (40 marks)”
In Barnsdale Forest there is at least one Robin Hood's Well (by the side of the Great North Road), one Little John's Well (near Hampole) and a Robin Hood's stream (in Highfields Wood at Woodlands).
There is something of a modern movement amongst Yorkshire residents to re-confirm the legend of Robin Hood, to the extent that South Yorkshire's new airport, on the site of the redeveloped RAF Finningley airbase near Doncaster, has been given the name Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield.
There has long been a pub in the village of Hatfield Woodhouse, quite close to the airport, which is known as The Robin Hood and Little John.
Hatfield Woodhouse
This debate is hardly surprising, given the considerable value that the Robin Hood legend has for local tourism. One of Nottinghamshire's biggest tourist attractions is the Major Oak, a tree that local folklore claims was the home of the legendary outlaw. There is debate as to whether the tree is old enough: some think its age has been exaggerated, especially as it may be two or more trees fused together, which may have been caused by coppicing. The Sheriff of Nottingham also had jurisdiction in Derbyshire that was known as the “Shire of the Deer,” and this is where the Royal Forest of the Peak is found, which roughly corresponds to today's Peak District National Park. The Royal Forest included Bakewell, Tideswell, Castleton, Ladybower and the Derwent Valley near Loxley. The Sheriff of Nottingham possessed property near Loxley, including Hazlebadge Hall, Peveril Castle and Haddon Hall. Mercia, to which Nottingham belonged, came to within three miles of Sheffield City Centre. The supposed grave of Little John can be found in Hathersage, also in the Peak District.
Robin Hood himself is reputed to be buried in the grounds of Kirklees Priory near Brighouse in West Yorkshire. There is an elaborate grave there with the inscription referred to above. The story is that the Prioress was a relative of Robin's. Robin was ill and staying at the Priory where the Prioress was supposedly caring for him. However, she betrayed him, his health worsened, and he eventually died there.
Before he died, he told Little John (or possibly another of his Merry Men) where to bury him. He fired an arrow from his bow from the Priory window, and where the arrow landed was to be the site of his grave. The actual grave is within sight of the ruins of the Priory, and this lends credence to this version of Robin's life story.
The grave can be visited on occasional organised walks, organised by Calderdale Council Tourist Information office.
There are pubs called the Robin Hood in both nearby Brighouse and at Cragg Vale–higher up in the Pennines beyond Halifax, West Yorkshire. There is at least one settlement in West Yorkshire called Robin Hood. With all these references to Robin Hood, it is not surprising that the people of both South Yorkshire and West Yorkshire lay some claim to Robin Hood–who, if he existed, could easily have roamed between Nottingham, Lincoln, Doncaster, and right into West Yorkshire. In those days, Sherwood Forest and Barnsdale Forest were probably all one vast forest affording plenty of cover for a band of outlaws.
Modern interpretations
Songs, plays, games, and, later, novels, musicals, films, and TV series have developed Robin Hood and company according to the needs of their times, and the mythos has been subject to extensive ideological manipulation. Maid Marian, for instance, something of a warrior maiden in early Victorian novels, was reduced in demeanour to passivity during the period of the women's suffrage movement. As the media power of the modern feminist movement gathered momentum, Marian reacquired an altogether more active role.
Robin Hood himself has been transformed from an "outlaw for venyson" with an occasional element of generosity with no particularly notable skill in archery–and no suggestion of political animosity–in the original tales, to a medieval Che Guevara, a deadly accurate master archer fighting a guerrilla war against Prince John, the Sheriff of Nottingham, and his vicious second, Guy of Gisbourne, on behalf of the oppressed and King Richard.
Robin Hood has become a shorthand for a good-hearted bandit who steals from the rich to give to the poor. Many countries and situations boast their own Robin Hood characters; the :Category:Robin Hood page tracks them.
Other trivia
- Dooh Nibor. Spelling "Robin Hood" backwards yields "Dooh Nibor"—a name that describes the reverse of Robin Hood—a government or politician who "stole from the poor to give to the rich."
- Monty Python parodied Robin Hood in 1973 with Dennis Moore, a bumbling outlaw who distributed unwanted items stolen from the rich and given to the poor, particularly Lupins. He was soon persuaded to steal wealth from them, but overdoes it so badly that even the singers of his theme song mock him as stupid.
Movies and TV series
- 1908: Robin Hood and His Merry Men, first appearance of Robin Hood on the screen, a silent film directed by Percy Stow.
- 1922: Robin Hood, starring Douglas Fairbanks in the first feature length version, a silent movie, Robin is an athletic swashbuckler. Sam De Grasse played the villainous Prince John. It was directed by Allan Dwan.
Allan Dwan
- 1938: The Adventures of Robin Hood, starring Errol Flynn in the first talkie. Flynn is a smarter, more articulate Robin Hood—very aware of the proto-fascist regime he is fighting and the hard times of people around him in this darker story. Maid Marian accuses Robin: "You speak treason!" "Fluently," he replies. It is considered a classic of the adventure genre.
- 1939 Robin Hood Makes Good, a Chuck Jones animated cartoon, where a young squirrel wants to play Robin Hood, but two older squirrels and hungry fox stand in his way.
- 1941: DC Comics introduces its own Robin Hood in the form of the comic book archer Green Arrow (alias Oliver Queen) who operates in the fictional Star City. He uses "trick" arrows, with modified or replaced arrowheads (such as a boxing glove arrow) to foil crime. Originally a minor superhero, his star rose in the late 1960s, when his personality was modified to become a strident champion of the underprivileged, much like his inspiration.
- 1946: Bandit of Sherwood Forest
- 1948: The Prince of Thieves
- 1949: Rabbit Hood, a Chuck Jones animated cartoon where Bugs Bunny takes on the Sheriff and is stunned to be greeted by Robin Hood as played by Errol Flynn.
- 1951: Tales of Robin Hood
- 1952: The Story of Robin Hood and His Merrie Men and Miss Robin Hood
- 1953: Patrick Troughton becomes the first actor to play the part on television when he stars in the six-part series Robin Hood on the BBC Television Service. The half-hour episodes are shown in the Children's Television strand from March 17 to April 21.
- 1955 - 1960: The British Adventures of Robin Hood TV series (consisting of weekly half-hour episodes, also shown in the U.S.) starring Richard Greene—episodes of which were written by blacklisted Hollywood writers—also has a high degree of social consciousness. Some of those episodes were combined into feature-length colorized films:
- Robin Hood's Greatest Adventures (1956) (also starring Donald Pleasence)
- Robin Hood, the Movie (1958)
- Robin Hood: The Quest for the Crown (1958)
- 1958: Robin Hood Daffy, a Chuck Jones animated cartoon, where Daffy Duck takes on the traditions of Errol Flynn, and a Friar Tuck-ish Porky Pig refuses to take him seriously.
- 1967: A Challenge for Robin Hood, a Hammer version, with Barrie Ingham as Robin
- 1967: Rocket Robin Hood, a space-age version of the Robin Hood legend, where he and his band of Merry Spacemen live in the year 3000 on Sherwood Asteroid and fight the evil Sheriff who rules the space territory of N.O.T.T. (Trillium / Steve Krantz Production)
- 1968: Pinkcome Tax, an Arthur Davis animated cartoon, where the Pink Panther takes on the role of a Merry Man, and unsuccessfully tries to free a poor man from jail.
Pink Panther
- 1973: Walt Disney Productions produced the most famous animated version of the legend, which had the various characters depicted as anthropomorphic animal characters, such as Robin Hood and Maid Marian as foxes. See: Robin Hood (1973 movie).
- 1975: The Legend of Robin Hood, a BBC miniseries starring Martin Potter in the title role. The six-episode adaptation was aired on public television in the U.S. in the later 1970s.
- 1975: When Things Were Rotten, a comedy TV series produced by Mel Brooks and starring Richard Gautier, Bernie Kopell and Misty Rowe.
- 1976: In Robin and Marian, Sean Connery and Audrey Hepburn played the couple at the end of their lives in a revisionist version of the story.
- 1981: Time Bandits, starring John Cleese, Sean Connery, Shelley Duvall; written and directed by Terry Gilliam had a short spoof of the Robin Hood legend, with Robin being portrayed as an upper class twit.
- 1984: The made-for-TV spoof The Zany Adventures of Robin Hood (1984) starred George Segal (Robin), Morgan Fairchild (Marian), Roddy McDowall (Prince John), and Janet Suzman (Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine), and Robert Hardy turned up at the end as King Richard.
- 1984 - 1986: The 1980s British series Robin of Sherwood, aka Robin Hood, was a New Age fantasy starring Michael Praed as Robin, later replaced by Jason Connery (son of Sean Connery) as Robert, called Robin. In this version the two Robins actually get to wear hoods occasionally. The series set the template for most of the adaptions that followed, most notably the introduction of a Muslim outlaw.
- 1989 - 1994: The British children's TV show Maid Marian and her Merry Men rewrote the legend somewhat, with Marian as the dynamic leader of the resistance against Prince John, Robin as her thick-headed, buffoonish figurehead, and Nottingham as John's put-upon, sarcastic enforcer.
- 1989: An episode in Season 3 of Captain N: The Game Master featured Robin Hood in "Misadventures in Robin Hood Woods" where the episode is based on a Robin Hood video game called "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" for the Nintendo Entertainment System and Game Boy Color.
- 1990: Animated series Young Robin Hood, developed by Belgian studio Cinar, tells a version of the story in which Robin and his men, as well as Maid Marian, are teenagers. This version also incorporates several fantasy elements. For example, Robin is sometimes assisted by a forest-dwelling old woman who knows magic. This cartoon aired in America as part of a block of adventure themed Saturday morning cartoons, and until recently ran in reruns on Boomerang.
- 1991: In the episode "Q-Pid" from the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the bridge crew of the Starship Enterprise are transformed into Robin Hood and his merry men by Q to test the boundaries of human love.
- 1991: John Irwin's Robin Hood, starring Patrick Bergin and Uma Thurman, is an inventive use of some of the best of the Robin Hood heritage.
- 1991: In Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves, Kevin Costner played the outlaw and Sean Connery performed the customary cameo appearance of King Richard in the finale.
- 1993: The Mel Brooks spoof Robin Hood: Men in Tights recycles bits from his short-lived late-1975 Robin Hood TV sitcom When Things Were Rotten. Cary Elwes plays Robin in the movie, and Patrick Stewart appears in the ending, spoofing Sean Connery's take on King Richard the Lionheart.
- 1996: Robin of Locksley was a made for TV movie starring Devon Sawa as a modern teenage Robin attending a prep school with the snobbish John Prince.
- 1997: The France-U.S. TV series The New Adventures of Robin Hood starred Matthew Porretta and John Bradley as a black leather clad Robin. The tone of the series resembled its contemporaries Hercules: The Legendary Journeys and Xena: Warrior Princess. Porretta had appeared as Will Scarlet O'Hara in Men in Tights.
- 1997: Honey Kisaragi transforms into Robin Hood Honey in episode 13 in the series Cutey Honey.
- 1999: The children's series Back To Sherwood featured a teenage descendent of Robin (Robyn Hood) who discovers she has the power to travel back in time, and joins with the children of her ancestor's band (Joan Little, Phil Scarlet, etc.)
- 2001: Robin Hood and the Merry Men make a memorable cameo appearance as unwelcome rescuers in the movie version of William Steig's Shrek. Here, they speak with French accents, partake in Irish step-dancing, and are defeated by a girl.
- 2001: Robin Hood's heroic daughter, Gwyn, Keira Knightley on horseback with bow in hand, takes over her father's role and comes to his rescue in the made for TV movie Princess of Thieves.
- 2005: A Codename: Kids Next Door episode, Operation: L.U.N.C.H. features a villain named Robin Food, who is supposed to cook food in a senior citizen's home but steals kids' lunches instead. He wears Robin Hood-like clothes, but with a chicken drumstick in his hat instead of a feather.
- 2006: A new thirteen-episode Robin Hood television series, produced by Tiger Aspect for BBC One, is due to air in the UK.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/4371582.stm]
The character of Robin from the Batman series of comics is reported to have taken both his name and the style of his original costume from Robin Hood.
Appearance in other arts
Music
Composer Robert Steadman, who lived for some time in Nottingham, has written 2 musical compositions using the myths of Robin Hood:
- The Dethe of Robyn Hood (1995) uses fragments of a medieval ballad as its text and is scored for narrator and wind band.
- Robin Hood & Little John (2005) was commissioned by Southwell Choral Society as was premiered by them in Southwell Minster. It sets an anonymous medieval ballad about the first meeting of Robin Hood and Little John and is scored for choir and large ensemble.
- Sherwood (2005) is a rock band from San Luis Obispo, California, who took their name from Sherwood Forest, where Robin Hood had his adventures.
- "Robin Hood" by Louis Prima and Bob Miketta (1944) also recorded by Prima.
- "The Sheriff of Noddingham", a surfing instrumental by David Marks, one time member of the Beach Boys.
Video games
- Cinemaware's classic 1986 title Defender of the Crown featured Robin Hood as one of the player's allies in the struggle to re-conquer England.
- In 2003, Defender of the Crown was re-mastered and re-released as Robin Hood: Defender of the Crown.
- Other Robin Hood-themed video games are listed [http://www.mobygames.com/game_group/sheet/gameGroupId,1501/ on MobyGames].
- Code Masters 1985 action platformer by the Oliver twins, Super Robin Hood
- The historically influenced video game "Gengis Khan II" by Koei featured Robin Hood as a character that would offer to enlist as a general in the player's service, provided that England is part of the player's kingdom.
- An NES game based on the Kevin Costner film "Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves" was released.
- In 2002/2003 a strategy game entitled "Robin Hood: Legend of Sherwood" by Wanadoo, Strategy First and Spellbound Studios, was released. It featured many of the Merry Men listed above.
See also
- :Category:Robin Hood - other Robin Hood-type characters
- Robin Hood's Bay - a small fishing town in North Yorkshire
- The Robin Hood Battalion - a British Territorial Army unit.
- Fulk FitzWarin
- Rummu Jüri
- Tani Yukata and the Harimau Beneficial Bandits
External links
- Robin Hood's Well, Skellow (Barnsdale): [http://www.britannia.com/tours/rhood/rhwella1.html Robin Hood's Well]
- [http://www.talknotts.co.uk Nottingham Chat Forum]
- [http://myweb.ecomplanet.com/kirk6479/default.htm Graham Kirkby's site] with the emphasis on Loxley, South Yorkshire
- Allen Wright's extensive site: [http://www.boldoutlaw.com Robin Hood, Bold Outlaw of Barnsdale and Sherwood]
- Also extensive, [http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/rh/rhhome.stm The Robin Hood Project at the University of Rochester]
- [http://www.boldoutlaw.com/realrob/ The Search for a Real Robin Hood]
- [http://www.textbookleague.org/94robin.htm Some historical corrective to loose mythmaking about Robin Hood, from The Textbook Letter Sept-Oct 1998.]
-
- [http://thickets.50megs.com/rocket.htm Rocket Robin Hood fan-page]
- [http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a2_143 The Straight Dope: Was there really a Robin Hood?]
- [http://www.freewebs.com/robertaddie3/NewAdventuresOfRobinHoodEn.htm New Adventures of Robin Hood - TV series Fan page]
- [http://www.freewebs.com/robertaddie3/RobinOfSherwoodEn.htm Robin of Sherwood - TV series fan page]
References
- Vahimagi, Tise. British Television: An Illustrated Guide. Oxford. Oxford University Press / British Film Institute. 1994. ISBN 0-19-818336-4. (Page 42).
- R.H. Hilton, "[http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0031-2746%28195811%290%3A14%3C30%3ATOORH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q The Origins of Robin Hood]", Past and Present, No. 14. (Nov., 1958), pp. 30-44. Available online at JSTOR.
- J.C. Holt, Robin Hood, ISBN 0500250812.
Category:English heroic legends
Category:English folklore
Category:Robin Hood
Category:Medieval legends
Category:Fictional thieves
Category:Fictional rebels
ja:ロビン・フッド
Basil Rathbone
Basil Rathbone (June 13, 1892 – July 21, 1967) was an English actor most famous for his portrayal of Sherlock Holmes and swashbuckler film villain roles.
He was born Philip St. John Basil Rathbone in Johannesburg, South Africa, a son of Edgar Philip Rathbone and Anna Barbara George. His younger sister and brother were Beatrice Rathbone and John Rathbone.
Rathbone was married to actress Marion Foreman (married 1914-divorced 1926) and writer Ouida Bergere (married 1927-his death 1967).
He and Foreman had one son, Rodion Rathbone, and he and Bergere had one adopted daughter, Cynthia Rathbone.
He died of a heart attack at his home in New York City. He is interred in the Ferncliff Cemetery, Hartsdale, New York.
His career
During the 1920s, Rathbone appeared in Shakespearean roles on the British stage. He was in a few silent movies, and played detective Philo Vance in the 1929 movie The Bishop Murder Case.
Rathbone became famous for playing suave villains in many swashbucklers of the 1930s, including David Copperfield (1935), Anna Karenina (1935), The Last Days of Pompeii (1935), Captain Blood (1935), A Tale of Two Cities (1935), The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) and The Mark of Zorro (1940).
He was most notable for his starring roles in fifteen Sherlock Holmes movies. To many fans, Basil Rathbone was born to play Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous London detective. He also starred as Holmes with Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson in an old-time radio mystery series, The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1939-1946), and did numerous other radio broadcasts.
He was admired for his athletic cinema swordsmanship, particularly in the duel on the beach in Captain Blood and as Sir Guy of Guisborne in the long fight scene in Robin Hood. Other noteworthy sword fights appear in The Mark of Zorro and The Court Jester (1956). The latter duplicates a scene in the former where Rathbone slices a candle in two and leaves it burning.
Basil Rathbone earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance of Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936), and another nomination for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performance of King Louis XI in If I Were King (1938).
It was in 1939 that Rathbone first starred as Sherlock Holmes, in The Hound of the Baskervilles. Unfortunately, the many sequels typecast him (he gained the nickname 'Razzle Bathrobe') and he was unable to break out of the stereotype, except in certain spoofs of his earlier swashbuckling villains in such movies as Casanova's Big Night (1954) and The Court Jester (1956).
Rathbone also acted on Broadway numerous times. In 1948, he won a Tony Award for Best Actor in Play for his performance of Dr. Austin Sloper in the original production of The Heiress.
Through the 1950s and 1960s, he continued to appear in several anthology programs on television.
He is also known for his readings of the stories and poems of Edgar Allan Poe, which are collected together with readings by Vincent Price.
Basil Rathbone has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; one for motion pictures at 6549 Hollywood Boulevard; one for radio at 6300 Hollywood Boulevard; and one for television at 6915 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood.
External links
-
- http://www.basilrathbone.net/biography/ Biography
=Note from a viewer=
See Basil Rathbone bio. link for World War I service
Rathbone, Basil
Rathbone, Basil
Rathbone, Basil
Rathbone, Basil
Rathbone, Basil
Rathbone, Basil
Category:Sherlock Holmes
Tom Baker]
Thomas Stewart Baker (born January 20, 1934) is a British actor, mainly associated with playing the fourth incarnation of the Doctor in the long-running science fiction television series Doctor Who, whom he played from 1974 to 1981.
Early life and career
Baker was born in Liverpool. His father, Thomas, was a sailor who was rarely at home resulting in Tom being raised largely by his mother, Mary Jane, in her Roman Catholic faith. He left school at 15 to become a novice monk and remained in the monastic life for six years, but left and went into the Merchant Navy, at the same time taking up acting, at first as a hobby. In 1971, he got his first big break with the role of Rasputin in the film Nicholas and Alexandra.
Baker in Doctor Who
In 1974, Baker took on the role of the Doctor from Jon Pertwee. He was cast largely because of his performance in The Golden Voyage of Sinbad. Baker was working on a construction site at the time, as acting jobs were scarce. Initially he was dubbed "Boiler Suit Tom" by the media as he had been supplied for a press conference with some old studio set clothes to replace his modest garments.
He quickly made the part his own. As the Doctor, his eccentric style of dress and speech — particularly his trademark long scarf and fondness for jelly babies — made him an immediately recognisable figure and he quickly caught the viewing public's imagination. His decision to move on in 1981 was regretted by many of the programme's fans, and his incarnation is generally regarded as the most popular of the Doctors. Baker played the Doctor for seven consecutive seasons over a seven-year period, making him the longest-serving actor in the part on-screen.
In 1981 he married Lalla Ward who had co-starred in Doctor Who (playing his assistant Romana) with him for two years - their marriage lasted only 16 months. In 1985, Baker married Sue Jerrard, who had been an assistant editor on Doctor Who. They moved to a converted school in Maidstone, Kent where they kept lots of cats before emigrating to France in 2002.
Post Doctor Who career
Baker has played character parts on television (including Captain Redbeard Rum in the second series Blackadder episode "Potato" and Puddleglum in the BBC's production of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair) and radio (including John Mortimer Presents the Trials of Marshall Hall in which Baker plays Britain's most celebrated criminal barrister, Sir Edward Marshall Hall).
He has also hosted the children's literature show The Book Tower. He became mostly known, however, for doing advertising voiceovers. Baker's distinctive voice has become a gift for impressionists, and he is regularly impersonated in the popular comedy series Dead Ringers.
In the 1990s, he played Professor Geoffrey Hoyt in Medics and had a recurring role in the Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer revival of Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased). (Reeves later bought Baker's school house when he moved to France.) He also had a part in the 2001 BBC Radio 4 version of The Thirty-Nine Steps as Sir Walter Bullivant and narrated the BBC radio comedy series Lionel Nimrod's Inexplicable World and later Little Britain. He continues to narrate the television series of the same name.
Also in the early 2000s, it was reported that Baker was a candidate for the role of Gandalf in the Lord of the Rings films, after playing a minor role as a wise elf in the Dungeons & Dragons film.
In 2002 he also had a speaking role in the critically-acclaimed but commercial flop Hostile Waters as the Narrator.
In 2004, Baker completed filming a season of Monarch of the Glen, a BBC drama series. He plays Donald McDonald, an eccentric former race car champion who, having been away since early childhood, returns home after hearing of the death of his brother Hector (who was played by Richard Briers until his departure at the end of the previous season). More recently, he voiced the role of the villain ZeeBadDee in the computer-animated film version of The Magic Roundabout, and played the role of the Captain in the Challenge TV version of Fort Boyard..
He continues to be associated with the Doctor, appearing on documentaries like The Story of Doctor Who and Doctor Who Confidential and giving interviews about his time on the programme. Although he reappeared as the Doctor for the 1993 charity special Dimensions in Time, he has, to date, declined to follow his successors and reprise the role for any of the audio dramas based upon the series.
In a 2005 interview regarding the series revival, Baker suggested that he be cast as the Master, an in-joke referring to his role in the original series. However, he was most likely joking.
Miscellaneous
Several reference books published in the late 1980s erroneously reported that Baker died of a drug overdose in 1982. Baker does have a reputation, acknowledged in his autobiography, of being a heavy drinker like fellow Doctor actor William Hartnell, and sometimes makes humorous reference to it. In response to the numerous inquiries he gets about his time as the Doctor he often replies 'You will have to excuse me but I was drunk at the time.'
Baker had a brief foray into the world of music, providing the monologue to the track Witness to a Murder (Part Two) on the album Six by Mansun.
Baker's autobiography entitled Who on Earth is Tom Baker? (ISBN 000638854X) was published in 1997. He has also written a short fairytale-style novel titled The Boy Who Kicked Pigs (ISBN 057119771X), which has been described as "A Grotesque Masterpiece".
Tom Baker is unrelated to Colin Baker, who played the Sixth Doctor in Doctor Who.
External links
- [http://www.tombaker.tv/ The Official Tom Baker Website]
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- [http://www.thomas-stewart-baker.com/ thomas-stewart-baker.com - a fan site]
- [http://www.lunaestas.com/doctorwho/ The One And Only Doctor Number Four - a fan site]
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Television series
A television program is the content of television broadcasting. The content of an individual broadcast may be referred to as a television program (U.S., Canada, and Australia), television programme (UK, NZ, Ireland and South Africa) or television show. A program may be a one-off broadcast or, more usually, part of a periodically returning television series. A television series that is intended to air a finite number of episodes is usually called a miniseries. Americans call a short run lasting less than a year a season; Europeans call this a series. This season or series usually consists of 10–24 installments of the series. A single instance of a program is called an episode, although this is sometimes also called a "show" or "program." A one-off broadcast may be called a "special." A television movie is a movie that is initially aired on television rather than being released in cinemas or direct-to-video, although many successful television movies are later released on video.
What television programming is
The content of television programs may be factual, as in documentaries, news, and reality television, or fictional as in comedy and drama. It may be topical as in the case of news and some made-for-television movies or historical as in the case of such documentaries or fictional series. It may be primarily instructional as in the case of educational programming, or entertaining as is the case in situation comedy, reality TV, and variety shows.
A drama program usually features a set of actors in a somewhat familiar setting. The program follows their lives and their adventures. Many shows, especially before the 1980s, maintained a status quo where the main characters and the premise changed little. If some change happened to the characters lives during the episode, it was usually undone by the end. (Because of this, the episodes could usually be watched in any order.) Since the 1980s, there are many series that feature progressive change to the plot, the characters, or both.
Common TV program periods include regular broadcasts (like TV news), TV series (usually seasonal and ongoing with a duration of only a few episodes to many seasons), or TV miniseries which is an extended film, usually with a small pre-determined number of episodes and a set plot and timeline. Miniseries usually range from about 3 to 10 hours in length, though critics often complain when programs hit the short end of that range and are still marketed as "minis." In the UK, the term "miniseries" is only usually used in references to imported programmes, and such short-run series are usually called "serials" there. In the United States, most regular television series have 22 episodes per year. In general, dramas usually last 44 minutes (an hour with commercials), while comedies last 22 (30 with commercials). However, with the rise of cable networks, especially pay ones, series and episode lengths have been changing. Cable networks usually feature series lasting thirteen episodes. Many British series have significantly shorter yearly runs.
Old television shows begin with a title sequence, show opening credits at the bottom of the screen over the beginning of the show, and include closing credits at the end of the show. However, in the 1990s shows began cold opening with a "teaser" (a short beginning to the episode, designed to catch the viewer's attention), followed by a title sequence, and a commercial break. More plot-driven shows begin with a "previously" (a short introduction to past major plot events through excerpts), even before the teaser. And, to save time, some shows omit the title sequence altogether, folding the names normally featured there into the opening credits.
While television series appearing in TV networks are usually commissioned by the networks themselves, the real revenue for the producers is typically when the product is sold into syndication. However, with the rise of the DVD home video format, box sets containing entire seasons or the complete run have become a significant revenue source as well.
How programs are made
:What follows is the standard procedure for shows on network television in the United States.
Someone (called the show "creator") comes up with the idea for a new television series. This consists of the concept, the characters, usually some crew, and sometimes some big-name actors. They "pitch" it to the various television networks, hoping to find one that's interested. If a network is interested, they will "order" a pilot (a prototype first episode of the series).
To create the pilot, the structure and team of the whole series needs to be put together. If the network likes the pilot, they will "pick up" the show for their next season (UK: series). Sometimes they'll save it for "midseason" or request re-writes and further review (know in the industry as "Development hell"). And other times they'll pass entirely, leaving the show's creator forced to "shop it around"' to other networks. Many shows never make it past the pilot stage.
If the show is picked up, a "run" of episodes is ordered. Usually only 13 episodes are ordered at first, although a series will typically last for at least 22 episodes (the last nine episodes sometimes being known as the "back nine", borrowing a term from golf).
The show hires a "stable" of writers, who usually work in parallel: the first writer works on the first episode, the second on the second episode, and so forth. When all of the writers have been used, the assignment of episodes continues starting with the first writer again. On other shows, however, the writers work as a team. Sometimes they will develop story ideas individually, and pitch them to the show's creator, who then folds them together into a script and rewrites them.
The executive producer, often the show's creator, is in charge of running the show. They pick crew and cast (subject to approval by the network), approve and often write series plots, and sometimes write and direct major episodes. A whole host of other producers of various names work under him or her, to make sure the show is always running smoothly.
Once the script for a show is written, a director is found for the episodes. The director's job is to turn the words of the script into film. They decide how scenes should be "staged" and where the cameras should be placed; they also often coach the actors, including any guest stars who may be in the particular episode. On television shows, directors are often interchangeable, mainly serving the dictates of the writer.
A director of photography takes care of making the show look good, doing things with lighting and so on.
Finally, an editor cuts the various pieces of film together, adds the musical score, and assembles the completed show.
The show is then turned over to the network, which sends it out to its affiliates, which air it in the specified timeslot. If the Nielsen Ratings are good, the show is kept alive as long as possible. If not, the show is usually cancelled. The show's creators are then left to shop around remaining episodes, and the possibility of future episodes, to other networks. On especially successful series, the producers sometimes call a halt to a series on their own like M
- A
- S
- H and end it with a concluding episode which sometimes is a big production called a series finale.
If the show is popular or lucrative, and a number of episodes (usually 100 episodes or more) are made, it goes into syndication where broadcast rights are then resold.
Common genres
- TV comedy (typically situation comedy or sketch comedy)
- TV documentary
- TV drama (including dramedy)
- TV talk shows
- TV news
- TV current affairs shows
- TV cartoons
- TV infomercials
- TV miniseries
- Game shows
- Soap operas
- Reality TV
See also
- Alphabetical list of television programs
- Continuity
- Dead air
- List of television program categories
- TV series (China)
ja:テレビ番組
Michael Wincott
Michael Wincott is a Canadian-American character actor best known for his deep, gravelly voice.
Born on January 21, 1958, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Wincott was raised in Scarborough, Canada which is a suburb of Toronto. He graduated from Juilliard Drama School in 1986.
Wincott is most identifiable playing either small, character roles in indie films or villains in more mainstream fare. His most recognizable role was the evil crime lord Top Dollar in 1994's The Crow. Other roles include Jean-Michel Basquiat's mentor Rene Ricard in 1996's Basquiat, Doors producer Paul A. Rothchild in Oliver Stone's The Doors, a sadistic prison warden in 2002's The Count of Monte Cristo, and the equally despicable villain of the 1997 Eddie Murphy movie Metro.
Partial Filmography
- The Sicilian (1987)—Cpl. Silvestro Canio
- Talk Radio (1988)—Kent/Michael/Joe
- The Doors (1991)—Paul A. Rothchild
- Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991)—Guy of Gisborne
- 1492: Conquest of Paradise (1992)—Adrian de Moxica
- The Three Musketeers (1993)—Rochefort
- The Crow (1994)—Top Dollar
- Dead Man (1995)—Conway Twill
- Strange Days (1996)—Philo Gant
- Basquiat (1996)—Rene Ricard
- Metro (1997)—Michael Korda
- Alien: Resurrection (1997)—Frank Elgyn
- Gunshy (1998)—Frankie McGregor
- Before Night Falls (1998)—Herberto Zorilla Ochoa
- Along Came a Spider(2001)—Gary Soneji
- The Count of Monte Cristo (2002)—Dorleac
- The Assassination of Richard Nixon (2004)—Julius Bicke
External links
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- the many masques of Michael Wincott [http://www.MichaelWincott.org]
Wincott, Michael
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Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves
Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves was a 1991 film directed by Kevin Reynolds.
Kevin Costner heads the cast list as Robin Hood. The film also starred Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Maid Marian, Morgan Freeman as Azeem, Christian Slater as Will Scarlet and Alan Rickman as the Sheriff of Nottingham.
The film is remembered by Bryan Adams' ballad "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" (included on his Waking Up the Neighbours album and the motion picture's soundtrack) which broke pop chart records in the United Kingdom. It remained Number 1 for a recorded 16 weeks. It was also a #1 hit in Canada and the United States.
Earning $165 million domestically and $225 million abroad, it was second only to Terminator 2: Judgment Day in worldwide 1991 ticket sales. The movie received a mostly positive feedback, but critics complained about Costner's on-again, off-again British accent. Rickman's comedic performance as the Sheriff garnered wide praise, however.
Criticism
This movie is sometimes accused of being overly politically correct, to the point where it interferes with the story. For example, when Maid Marian is introduced, she fights Robin while wearing a skintight "ninja" outfit but is a helpless damsel in distress at the end of the movie. Azeem, a Saracen in England, becomes the main supporting character, sapping the classical Robin Hood characters such as Little John and Friar Tuck of all their vigour.
The movie also leaves out many of the traditional elements associated with Robin Hood such as the archery contest. Also, Costner's Robin Hood does not speak with an English accent (although his "accent" could be explained as being pre-received pronunciation).
Inspiration
The screenplay for this film drew almost exclusively on the British TV series Robin of Sherwood. Morgan Freeman was originally to play a character named Nasir, until stuntman Terry Walsh (who worked on both projects) pointed out to director Kevin Reynolds that Nasir was created specifically for Robin of Sherwood and does not appear in any other telling of the Robin Hood legend. As such, the character is the property of Robin of Sherwood creator Richard Carpenter. To avoid a lawsuit, Reynolds changed the name of Nasir to Azeem.
This caused a rift between Walsh and Carpenter, as the latter was aware his character was being used without permission and had planned to wait until the movie was released before suing the studio and director. Carpenter planned on using the money to fund a revival of his TV series.
Trivia
- This was Sean Connery's (who plays King Richard) second Robin Hood film. He played Robin Hood in the movie, Robin and Marian.
- Much of the film was spoofed in Mel Brooks's film Robin Hood: Men in Tights.
- The role of the Sheriff was originally to have been played by Richard E. Grant. However, when shooting on the film Hudson Hawk overran, he was indisposed and replaced by Rickman.
External links
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Category:1991 films
Category:Robin Hood
Category:Action films
Category:Adventure films
Category:Drama films
Category:Romance films
Ramsay GilderdaleRamsay Gilderdale is a British actor, who played Guy of Gisbourne in BBC comedy Maid Marian and Her Merry Men. He also appeared in Rumpole of the Bailey and Blackadder's Christmas Carol.
As a screenwriter, he has also worked on Barbara and Chucklevision.
External links
- [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0318412/ Ramsay Gilderdale] at the Internet Movie Database
Gilderdale, Ramsay
Category:Fictional knightsKnights
Category:Knights Jenins
Jenins est une commune suisse du canton des Grisons.
Catégorie:Ville de Suisse
Catégorie:Commune du canton des Grisons
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